Go Cheatsheet - Go Syntax & Concurrency Reference
All essential Go commands organized by use case, with 44+ entries you can copy and run directly. Find the right command fast when you need it.
Back to LanguagesVariables & Constants 7
var name string = "value"显式Declarevariable
name := "value"短variableDeclare（自动infertype）
const Pi = 3.14Declareconstant
var (name string; age int)batchDeclarevariable
var arr [5]intDeclarearray
slice := []int{1, 2, 3}Declareslice
m := map[string]int{"a": 1}Declare map
Control Flow 8
if condition { } else { }if 语句
if err := fn(); err != nil { }if 带初始化语句
switch x { case 1: case 2: default: }switch 语句
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { }for loop
for condition { }while 风格loop
for { }无限loop
for i, v := range slice { }iterateslice/array
for k, v := range map { }iterate map
Functions 6
func add(a, b int) int { return a + b }普通function
func swap(a, b int) (int, int)多return value
func sum(nums ...int) int可变Options
defer fn()延迟Execute（functionDeactivate时Execute）
panic("error")throw恐慌（程序崩溃）
recover()catch恐慌（在 defer 中使用）
Struct & Method 5
type User struct { Name string; Age int }定义struct
u := User{Name: "tom", Age: 20}Createstruct实例
func (u User) String() string值接收者method
func (u *User) SetName(n string)指针接收者method
u := &User{}Createstruct指针
Interface 5
type Reader interface { Read(p []byte) (int, error) }定义interface
var r Reader = &File{}interface实现（隐式，无需 implements）
type Empty interface{}空interface（可存储任意type）
v, ok := i.(string)type断言
switch v := i.(type) { }type选择
Concurrency 8
go fn()Start goroutine
ch := make(chan int)Create无buffered channel
ch := make(chan int, 10)Create有buffered channel
ch <- value发送值到 channel
value := <-ch从 channel 接收值
close(ch)Close channel
select { case <-ch1: case <-ch2: }多路复用
var wg sync.WaitGroupawait组，await多个 goroutine
Error Handling 5
if err != nil { return err }stderrCheck
type MyError struct { msg string }自定义错误type
func (e *MyError) Error() string实现 error interface
errors.New("message")Create错误
fmt.Errorf("failed: %w", err)package装错误（Go 1.13+）
💡 Tips
- Go 的错误处理是显式的，每个可能返回 error 的function都要Check err != nil。
- goroutine 非常轻量（几 KB），可以轻松Create数十万个。
- channel 是 goroutine 之间通信的主要方式，遵循 "不要通过共享Memory通信，而要通过通信共享Memory"。
Official References
Commands are compiled from the official docs below. Click to verify the latest usage.
Maintained by LaoHand
Publicly updated on Jul 21, 2026, continuously proofread against official docs.
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